Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. To the south-east, Scotland has its only land border, which is 96 miles (154 km) long and shared with England; the country is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the north-east and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. The population in 2022 was 5,439,842. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow is the largest of the cities of Scotland.

Some of the key events about Scotland

1296
The Stone of Destiny, Scotland's coronation stone, was seized and taken to England
1320
The Declaration of Arbroath, asserting Scotland's independence, was signed
1413
The University of St Andrews, Scotland's first university, was founded
1692
The Massacre of Glencoe resulted in the murder of 38 members of Clan MacDonald
1707
The Acts of Union united the kingdoms of Scotland and England to form Great Britain
1746
The world's first public golf course opened in St Andrews
1746
The Battle of Culloden marked the defeat of the Jacobite rising and led to the dismantling of the clan system
1769
The steam engine was patented, revolutionizing industry and transportation
1779
The Tay Bridge disaster occurred when the bridge collapsed during a storm, killing 75 people
1822
The first modern kilt was created, becoming a symbol of Scottish culture
1840
The Highland Clearances reached their peak, forcing many Scots off their land
1875
The game of golf's first major championship, The Open, was held at Prestwick Golf Club
1879
The Tay Bridge disaster occurred when the bridge collapsed during a storm, killing 75 people
1885
The Forth Bridge, an iconic cantilever railway bridge, was completed
1915
The Quintinshill rail disaster, Britain's worst rail accident, killed 227 people
1988
The Lockerbie bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 killed 270 people
1996
The Dunblane massacre resulted in the deaths of 16 children and one teacher
1999
The Scottish Parliament was reconvened after nearly 300 years
2014
Glasgow successfully hosted the Commonwealth Games
2020
Scotland recorded its first case of COVID-19, leading to widespread lockdowns and economic disruption

Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.