Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on questions of U.S. constitutional or federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review: the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law.

Some of the key events about Supreme Court of the United States

1803
Established the principle of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison case
1819
Affirmed the federal government's power to create a national bank in McCulloch v. Maryland
1857
Ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not sue in federal court in Dred Scott v. Sandford
1857
The Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and had no standing to sue in federal court, effectively denying them basic rights.
1896
The Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
1905
The Court struck down a New York law limiting working hours, hindering labor protections.
1927
The Court upheld a state's right to forcibly sterilize individuals deemed "unfit" without their consent.
1944
The Court upheld the constitutionality of Japanese American internment during World War II.
1954
Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education
1963
Established the right to counsel for criminal defendants in Gideon v. Wainwright
1966
Established Miranda rights for criminal suspects in Miranda v. Arizona
1973
Recognized a constitutional right to abortion in Roe v. Wade
1974
Ruled that the president is not above the law in United States v. Nixon
1986
The Court upheld the criminalization of private, consensual homosexual acts between adults.
2000
The Court's decision in Bush v. Gore effectively decided the presidential election, raising concerns about judicial overreach.
2010
The Court's Citizens United decision allowed unlimited corporate spending in elections, potentially increasing the influence of money in politics.
2013
The Court struck down key provisions of the Voting Rights Act, weakening federal oversight of state voting laws.
2015
Legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in Obergefell v. Hodges
2020
Extended federal anti-discrimination protections to LGBTQ+ employees in Bostock v. Clayton County
2022
The Court overturned Roe v. Wade, eliminating the federal constitutional right to abortion.

Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.