In a move that challenges one of the European Union's fundamental principles, Germany has announced plans to implement stringent border controls. This decision, set to take effect on September 16, 2024, marks a significant shift in the country's approach to managing immigration and border security.
The German government, led by Chancellor Olaf Scholz, has stated that police will begin checking passports at all crossing points and may deny entry to certain travelers. This action comes as Germany grapples with the challenges of illegal immigration and its impact on social cohesion.
Germany's decision is particularly noteworthy given its historical stance on immigration. In 2015, under the leadership of then-Chancellor Angela Merkel, the country welcomed over a million asylum seekers. Merkel's famous declaration, "Wir schaffen das" ("We can do this"), became synonymous with Germany's open-door policy. Subsequently, when Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, Germany accepted another million refugees.
However, the continuous influx of migrants from various parts of the world has strained Germany's resources and public services. As of 2024, Germany has become the third-largest refugee-hosting country globally, facing economic challenges and rising social tensions. This situation has contributed to the growing support for far-right political movements, such as the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party.
Germany's decision to reintroduce border controls is not isolated. Several other European Union member states, including Austria, Slovenia, Italy, France, Denmark, and Sweden, have also implemented similar measures in recent years. These actions are permitted under the Schengen Borders Code, which allows for temporary border controls in cases of serious threats to public order or internal security.
The Schengen Agreement, signed in 1985, has been a cornerstone of European integration, allowing free movement across borders for over 400 million people. However, the current migration crisis has put this system under significant strain.
"The Schengen Borders Code is clear about the circumstances under which border controls can be reintroduced. Such measures should be considered a last resort and kept to the absolute minimum required to address specific threats."
The implications of Germany's decision extend beyond its borders. As one of the EU's largest economies and a key proponent of European integration, Germany's actions could signal a shift in the bloc's approach to free movement and border management.
This development also highlights the contrast between EU member states and the United Kingdom's post-Brexit immigration policies. While many EU countries are tightening border controls, the UK has yet to implement significant changes to its immigration system since leaving the EU in 2020.
As Europe grapples with these challenges, the future of the Schengen Agreement and the principle of free movement within the EU remains uncertain. The coming months will likely see intense discussions among EU member states as they seek to balance national security concerns with the ideals of European integration.