Ten years have passed since the historic Scottish independence referendum of 2014, marking a significant milestone in the United Kingdom's political landscape. On September 18, 2014, Scots decisively rejected independence, opting to remain part of the UK with a 55% majority. However, contrary to expectations, this vote did not conclude the constitutional debate.
The roots of the independence movement extend far beyond the 2014 referendum. Alex Salmond's election to the House of Commons in 1987 revitalized the Scottish National Party (SNP), while some trace the origins back to Winnie Ewing's victory in the 1967 Hamilton by-election. These events laid the groundwork for the contemporary constitutional discourse.
Despite the referendum result, the independence movement gained momentum from its defeat. Meanwhile, the pro-Union campaign struggled with internal conflicts. This ongoing debate has consumed substantial political resources, potentially hindering progress in devolved services.
The SNP, founded in 1934, has frequently used the prospect of independence as a justification for governance challenges. Critics argue this approach has diverted attention from addressing issues in education and other devolved sectors. Scotland's performance in international education rankings has declined, raising concerns about the focus of the Scottish Parliament, established in 1999.
Opposition parties also bear responsibility for the current situation. The Labour Party's assertion that devolution would inherently improve conditions has been questioned. The debate highlights the importance of policy and resources in transforming public services, regardless of the governing body.
Recent years have brought significant political shifts. The SNP experienced a surge in membership following the 2014 referendum, peaking at over 125,000 in 2019. However, subsequent events, including leadership changes and legal challenges, have altered the political landscape. In July 2024, the SNP faced a substantial defeat in the UK general election, retaining only nine Westminster seats.
"The people of Scotland have spoken. It is a clear result. They have kept our country of four nations together. Like millions of other people, I am delighted."
This anniversary presents an opportunity for Scottish politicians to refocus on policy delivery rather than constitutional debates. The Scottish Parliament, with its 129 members, has significant devolved powers in areas such as health, education, and justice. There is potential for cross-party collaboration to address Scotland's challenges using existing legislative frameworks.
The SNP's future approach will be crucial. As many post-referendum recruits have departed, the party leadership may consider alternatives to the ongoing constitutional campaign. Engaging with other parties to tackle Scotland's issues through the Scottish Parliament's current powers could be a constructive path forward.
This tenth anniversary serves as a pivotal moment for Scottish politics. The coming decade may determine whether devolution can fulfill its promise of improved governance or if the constitutional debate will continue to dominate the political agenda. The success of this endeavor will significantly impact the future of Scottish politics and governance.