Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Egypt to the north, Eritrea to the northeast, Ethiopia to the southeast, Libya to the northwest, South Sudan to the south, and the Red Sea to the east. It has a population of nearly 50 million people as of 2024 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres, making it Africa's third-largest country by area and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the secession of South Sudan in 2011; since then both titles have been held by Algeria. Its capital and most populous city is Khartoum.
Some of the key events about Sudan
- 1885Sudan became part of Anglo-Egyptian rule, marking the beginning of colonial domination
- 1955The First Sudanese Civil War began, lasting 17 years and resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths
- 1956Sudan gained independence from Anglo-Egyptian rule
- 1972The Addis Ababa Agreement ended the First Sudanese Civil War
- 1983The Second Sudanese Civil War erupted, leading to over 2 million deaths and massive displacement
- 1989A military coup overthrew the democratically elected government, installing an authoritarian regime
- 1998A pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum was bombed by the United States on suspicion of producing chemical weapons
- 1999Sudan began exporting oil, boosting its economy
- 2003The Darfur conflict began, resulting in widespread violence, displacement, and accusations of genocide
- 2005The Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed, ending the Second Sudanese Civil War
- 2009The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Sudan's president for war crimes and crimes against humanity
- 2011South Sudan peacefully seceded from Sudan, becoming the world's newest country
- 2011South Sudan seceded, leading to economic crisis in Sudan due to loss of oil revenues
- 2019A transitional government was formed after months of pro-democracy protests
- 2019A violent crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in Khartoum left over 100 people dead
- 2020Sudan was removed from the U.S. State Sponsors of Terrorism list
- 2020The Juba Peace Agreement was signed, addressing conflicts in Darfur and other regions
- 2021Sudan's government signed a declaration to separate religion from the state
- 2021A military coup overthrew the transitional government, derailing Sudan's path to democracy
- 2023Sudan joined the International Solar Alliance to promote solar energy use
Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.
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