Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.
Some of the key events about Peru
- 1532The Inca Empire was conquered, leading to the establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru
- 1532The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish conquistadors, leading to centuries of colonial rule
- 1780A major indigenous rebellion against Spanish rule was brutally suppressed
- 1821Peru declared independence from Spain, marking the beginning of its journey as a sovereign nation
- 1851The first railway in South America was inaugurated in Peru, connecting Lima to Callao
- 1879Peru suffered significant territorial losses in the War of the Pacific against Chile
- 1911The ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu was rediscovered, becoming one of the world's most famous archaeological sites
- 1924Peru's national football team won its first South American Championship
- 1968A military coup overthrew the democratically elected government, leading to 12 years of military rule
- 1975Huascarán National Park was established, protecting a diverse ecosystem in the Andes mountains
- 1980The Shining Path guerrilla group launched a violent insurgency, starting two decades of internal conflict
- 1983The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site
- 1990Hyperinflation reached 7,650%, devastating the Peruvian economy
- 1992A "self-coup" suspended the constitution and dissolved Congress, concentrating power in the executive
- 1996The Japanese embassy in Lima was seized by terrorists, resulting in a four-month hostage crisis
- 2000A major political scandal involving videotaped bribery led to the collapse of the government
- 2001Peru held its first free and fair elections after a period of authoritarian rule
- 2009Peruvian cuisine gained international recognition, with Lima being declared the "Gastronomic Capital of the Americas"
- 2017Peru was hit by severe flooding and mudslides, causing widespread destruction and loss of life
- 2021Peru celebrated its bicentennial of independence with various cultural and historical events
Disclaimer: This material is written based on information taken from open sources, including Wikipedia, news media, podcasts, and other public sources.
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